Electrical resistance.



Patented Nov 27, I900 W avwewtoz o Cvn alien un t WM 8v w snunow, 1R

ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE.

(Appl c nfildAp 5 1900 (No Model) UNITED STATES PATENT @rricn.

WILLIAM GRUNOW, JR., OF BRIDGEPOR'I, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO THEMOELROY-GRUNOVV ELECTRIC RAILXVAY SYSTEM, OF SAME PLACE.

ELECTRICAL RESESTMNOE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 662.422, dated.November 27, 1900.

Application filed April 5, 1900. Serial No. 11,648. (No model.)

To ail whom, it may concerns Be it known that I, WILLIAM GRUNow, Jr., acitizen of the United States, and a resident of Bridgeport, county ofFairfield, and State of Connecticut, have made a new and usefulInvention in Electrical Resistances, of which the following is aspecification.

My invention has for its objects, first, to construct an electricalresistance which will withstand rough hand ling and permit of readytransportation without injury thereto; second,to provide an electricalresistance with a maximum radiating-surface ot' a non-absorbentinsulating material; third, to construct an electrical resistance whichis adapted for use in places where extreme moisture prevails or directlyin the ground Withoutrequiring additional external inclosures, as inconnect-ion with underground or subsurface trolley systems of electricrailways or electric-lighting circuits, whereby high potentials from thesame can be readily and cheaply reduced to low potentials of currentsuitable for telegraph, telephone, and railway signaling purposes.

My invention will be fully understood by referring to the accompanyingdrawings, in which- Figure 1 is a plan view of one form thereof, thesurrounding or inclosing casing therefor being illustrated in dottedlines; and Fig. 2 is an end View as seen looking at Fig. 1 from thebottom toward the top of the drawings upon the supposition that thesurrounding medium is of glass or other transparent material. Fig. 3 isa View similar to Fig. l of a modified form; and Fig. 4c is an end viewof Fig. 8, similar in all respects to Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is a perspectiveview of the completed in cased resistance-coil, drawn upon a smallerscale than are the other figures of the drawings.

My invention contemplates the construction of an electrical resistancemade of one or more carbon or other high-resistant conducting-rodsconnected together in multiple or series, as required, by metallicclamps and provided with circuit connections at their ends and allembedded in an insulating medium of a vitreous or non-absorbentcharacter which will offer large heat-radiating capacity and withstandrough usage.

It also contemplates the construction of an electrical resistance madeof wire wound upon insulating-cores,together with circuit. connectionsand the ends of insulated conductors, all similarly embedded.

For afull and clear understanding of the invention reference is hadfirst to Fig. 1 of the drawings, in which is disclosed one form of mynovel electrical resistance consisting of two or more rods R R ofcarbon, carbonized fiber, graphile,pluinbago,or other well-knownequivalent high-resistant conducting material, said rods being connectedtogether at To the end plates a are secured, by

preferably of vitrified stone, cement, glass, or

other insulating material which is a nonabsorbent and of such refractorynature as will admit of its being handled with ordinary care withoutdamage. I mold or form in the ends of this surrounding casing, at thepoints where the conducting-wires pass out, indentations or pockets 1 i,the function of which is to enable one to coil the insulatedconducting-wires w w in a compact manner for shipment or use so that thesame may not be damaged.

In Figs. 3 and at a modified form of the invention is shown, in whichthe resistance is composed of Germansilver or other highlyresistant wirewound in successive spirals around non-conducting cores, the ends beingconnected directly, as shown, to the insulated conductors w w and theentire structure and circuit connections embedded, as before, in avitrified mass B.

constructed the resistance that the conductors w to both pass out at oneend and may therefore be coiled in the indentation or pocket 1.

Such resistances have many uses in the arts I00 In this instance I haveso 5 and when once constructed are capable of being shipged from pointto point and handled with less than ordinary care Without any damageWhatever; They also have an especial utility in connection with electricrailways of the surface-contact type, in which it is often foundnecessary to utilize ret sistauces under the ground, my novel resistanceand the insulated conducting-Wires attached to the opposite ends thereofbeing, When constructed as described, free from the annoyance of currentleakage, it being obvious that the insulating-conductors may be of anylength, thus enabling me to utilize the structure in any place Whereexcessive dampness prevails and Without liability of unnecessary currentleakage.

I am aware that it is not broadly new with me to coat or surround anelectrical resistance with vitreous material, and I make no claimhereinafter broad enough. to include such a structure, my most genericclaim being directed to an electrical resistance and circuit connectionsWholly embedded in mass of vitreous material, preferablyof box-1i keform, so as to present a large and etiective radiat ing-surtace andsimultai'ieously afford a protection to the same from moisture, whereljy it may be placed deeply in the ground or in moist places to furtherincrease the radiating or cooling effects and be of such a nature aswill enable the user to ship or handle quantities of such electricalresistances to the greatest advantage and with the least possibledamage.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secureby Letters Patent of the United States, is-

1. An electrical resistance and circuit connections therefor, togetherwith insulated conductors attached to said circuit connections, saidresistance, circuit connections and the ends of the insulated conductors being Wholly vn'ibcdded in a tum-absorbentinsulating mass,substantially as described.

2. An electrical resistance having circuit connections with insulatedconductors, said resistance and the attached ends of the insulatedconductors being wholly en'ibeddcd in an insulating mass, substantiallyas described.

An electrical resistance composed of a conductor embedded in a mass ofinsulating material of box-like form; in combination with insulatedconductors attached. thereto and extending out. of the mass, said massbein provided with one or more indentations or pockets for folding orwinding the end conductors therein, substantially as described.

a. An electrical resistance embedded in a vitrified mass of box-likeForm; in combination with insulated conductors scoured to the endsthereof and extending out of the mass, said mass being provided withindentations or pockets, one for each outwardly-extending conductor,substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name this 4th day ofApril, 1000.

\VILLIAM GRUNOlV, JR.

Witnesses:

C. J. KINTNEn, M. E. KEATING.

